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3<title>Steel sheet gong: how the parameters shape the sound</title>
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15<h1>Steel sheet gong: how the parameters shape the sound</h1>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 16<p>Each section varies one property of the simulated sheet or of the excitation while everything else stays at the simulator defaults: a 12 by 18 inch, 22 gauge (0.79 mm) stainless steel sheet hanging in portrait orientation with a 3 mm bow across its width, heard 1 m in front of its center, recorded for 4 s. The clips are computed with the simulator's default numerical settings (8 mm grid), so the 'Open in simulator' links reproduce them exactly. Click a player to hear a clip. Every clip is rendered at the simulator's default playback level (+20 dB relative to 1 Pa at full scale, with the same soft clipper), so loudness differences within and between sections are the ones the model predicts, and a clip sounds as it does in the app. The numbers under each clip are the peak pressure and sound pressure level at the listener, the RMS pressure over the clip, the spectral centroid of the sound between 0.2 and 1.2 s (a measure of brightness), and fitted 60 dB decay times of a low and a high band.</p>
45a31b0Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 17<ul class="toc"><li><a href="#strike-speed">Drumstick: stick speed</a></li><li><a href="#strike-mass">Drumstick: stick mass</a></li><li><a href="#strike-stiffness">Drumstick: tip hardness</a></li></ul>
19<h2>Drumstick: stick speed</h2>
20<p>A wooden stick tip (30 g effective mass) strikes the sheet at 70 percent of its width and 35 percent of its height. Speed sets both the loudness and the character: the contact force grows with speed, the contact shortens, and more energy reaches the high modes. The sound grows brighter as well as louder.</p>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 21<p class="dim">Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.</p>
23 <div class="label">0.5 m/s</div>
24 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-speed-0.wav"></audio>
25 <img src="clips/strike-speed-0.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
26 <div class="metrics">
28 <div>RMS 1.7 mPa</div>
29 <div>centroid 192 Hz</div>
30 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.8 s, 2-8 kHz 8.6 s</div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 32 <div class="dim">wav peak 12.8 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 34 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&strikeVelocity=0.5">Open in simulator</a>
36<div class="card">
37 <div class="label">1 m/s</div>
38 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-speed-1.wav"></audio>
39 <img src="clips/strike-speed-1.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
40 <div class="metrics">
42 <div>RMS 3.6 mPa</div>
43 <div>centroid 259 Hz</div>
44 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.8 s, 2-8 kHz 6.8 s</div>
45 <div>contact force 58 N</div>
46 <div class="dim">wav peak 19.0 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 48 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&strikeVelocity=1">Open in simulator</a>
50<div class="card">
51 <div class="label">2 m/s</div>
52 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-speed-2.wav"></audio>
53 <img src="clips/strike-speed-2.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
54 <div class="metrics">
56 <div>RMS 7.3 mPa</div>
57 <div>centroid 317 Hz</div>
58 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 3.9 s, 2-8 kHz 5.1 s</div>
59 <div>contact force 124 N</div>
60 <div class="dim">wav peak 24.5 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 62 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&strikeVelocity=2">Open in simulator</a>
64<div class="card">
65 <div class="label">3 m/s</div>
66 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-speed-3.wav"></audio>
67 <img src="clips/strike-speed-3.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
68 <div class="metrics">
70 <div>RMS 10.9 mPa</div>
71 <div>centroid 655 Hz</div>
72 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.6 s</div>
73 <div>contact force 195 N</div>
74 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 76 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&strikeVelocity=3">Open in simulator</a>
78<div class="card">
79 <div class="label">4.5 m/s</div>
80 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-speed-4.wav"></audio>
81 <img src="clips/strike-speed-4.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
82 <div class="metrics">
84 <div>RMS 17.2 mPa</div>
85 <div>centroid 678 Hz</div>
86 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.4 s, 2-8 kHz 3.8 s</div>
87 <div>contact force 315 N</div>
88 <div class="dim">wav peak 32.3 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 90 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&strikeVelocity=4.5">Open in simulator</a>
92<div class="card">
93 <div class="label">6 m/s</div>
94 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-speed-5.wav"></audio>
95 <img src="clips/strike-speed-5.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
96 <div class="metrics">
98 <div>RMS 24.9 mPa</div>
99 <div>centroid 1654 Hz</div>
100 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 3.9 s, 2-8 kHz 3.4 s</div>
101 <div>contact force 448 N</div>
102 <div class="dim">wav peak 35.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 104 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&strikeVelocity=6">Open in simulator</a>
106</section>
107<section id="strike-mass">
108<h2>Drumstick: stick mass</h2>
109<p>The same speed with a lighter or heavier stick. A heavier stick carries more momentum, stays in contact longer, and pushes the sheet further, which favours the low modes; a light stick gives a short, bright tap.</p>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 110<p class="dim">Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.</p>
112 <div class="label">10 g</div>
113 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-mass-0.wav"></audio>
114 <img src="clips/strike-mass-0.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
115 <div class="metrics">
117 <div>RMS 9.7 mPa</div>
118 <div>centroid 654 Hz</div>
119 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.3 s, 2-8 kHz 5.2 s</div>
120 <div>contact force 183 N</div>
121 <div class="dim">wav peak 27.8 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 123 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&stickMass=0.01">Open in simulator</a>
125<div class="card">
126 <div class="label">30 g</div>
127 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-mass-1.wav"></audio>
128 <img src="clips/strike-mass-1.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
129 <div class="metrics">
131 <div>RMS 10.9 mPa</div>
132 <div>centroid 655 Hz</div>
133 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.6 s</div>
134 <div>contact force 195 N</div>
135 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 137 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&stickMass=0.03">Open in simulator</a>
139<div class="card">
140 <div class="label">60 g</div>
141 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-mass-2.wav"></audio>
142 <img src="clips/strike-mass-2.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
143 <div class="metrics">
145 <div>RMS 12.3 mPa</div>
146 <div>centroid 686 Hz</div>
147 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.1 s, 2-8 kHz 3.8 s</div>
148 <div>contact force 205 N</div>
149 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.2 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 151 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&stickMass=0.06">Open in simulator</a>
153<div class="card">
154 <div class="label">120 g</div>
155 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-mass-3.wav"></audio>
156 <img src="clips/strike-mass-3.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
157 <div class="metrics">
159 <div>RMS 17.0 mPa</div>
160 <div>centroid 1346 Hz</div>
161 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 3.5 s, 2-8 kHz 3.2 s</div>
162 <div>contact force 232 N</div>
163 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.3 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 165 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&stickMass=0.12">Open in simulator</a>
167</section>
169<h2>Drumstick: tip hardness</h2>
170<p>The Hertz contact stiffness K stands for the hardness of the tip: a soft (rubber or felt) tip has a low K and a long, gentle contact that excites mainly the low modes; a hard tip (dense wood, or a metal beater) has a high K and a sharp click.</p>
65b16ebGallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 171<p class="dim">Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.</p>
173 <div class="label">5000000 N/m^1.5</div>
174 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-stiffness-0.wav"></audio>
175 <img src="clips/strike-stiffness-0.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
176 <div class="metrics">
178 <div>RMS 5.1 mPa</div>
179 <div>centroid 375 Hz</div>
180 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.4 s, 2-8 kHz 4.7 s</div>
65b16ebGallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 182 <div class="dim">wav peak 11.6 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
65b16ebGallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 184 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&contactStiffness=5000000">Open in simulator</a>
186<div class="card">
187 <div class="label">50000000 N/m^1.5</div>
188 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-stiffness-1.wav"></audio>
189 <img src="clips/strike-stiffness-1.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
190 <div class="metrics">
192 <div>RMS 7.9 mPa</div>
193 <div>centroid 677 Hz</div>
194 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.0 s, 2-8 kHz 4.4 s</div>
195 <div>contact force 148 N</div>
196 <div class="dim">wav peak 23.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
65b16ebGallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 198 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&contactStiffness=50000000">Open in simulator</a>
200<div class="card">
201 <div class="label">500000000 N/m^1.5</div>
202 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-stiffness-2.wav"></audio>
203 <img src="clips/strike-stiffness-2.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
204 <div class="metrics">
206 <div>RMS 10.9 mPa</div>
207 <div>centroid 655 Hz</div>
208 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.6 s</div>
209 <div>contact force 195 N</div>
210 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
65b16ebGallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 212 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&contactStiffness=500000000">Open in simulator</a>
214<div class="card">
215 <div class="label">5000000000 N/m^1.5</div>
216 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-stiffness-3.wav"></audio>
217 <img src="clips/strike-stiffness-3.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
218 <div class="metrics">
220 <div>RMS 15.5 mPa</div>
221 <div>centroid 563 Hz</div>
222 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 3.8 s, 2-8 kHz 4.5 s</div>
223 <div>contact force 532 N</div>
224 <div class="dim">wav peak 30.8 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
65b16ebGallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 226 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&contactStiffness=5000000000">Open in simulator</a>
228</section>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 229<p class="dim">Generated by <code>steelsim gallery</code>; parameters not listed take the simulator defaults.</p>
230</body></html>