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074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 1<!doctype html>
2<html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
3<title>Steel sheet gong: how the parameters shape the sound</title>
4<style>
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10.card img { width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: 4px; }
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13ul.toc { columns: 2; }
14</style></head><body>
15<h1>Steel sheet gong: how the parameters shape the sound</h1>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 16<p>Each section varies one property of the simulated sheet or of the excitation while everything else stays at the simulator defaults: a 12 by 18 inch, 22 gauge (0.79 mm) stainless steel sheet hanging in portrait orientation with a 3 mm bow across its width, heard 1 m in front of its center, recorded for 4 s. The clips are computed with the simulator's default numerical settings (8 mm grid), so the 'Open in simulator' links reproduce them exactly. Click a player to hear a clip. Every clip is rendered at the simulator's default playback level (+20 dB relative to 1 Pa at full scale, with the same soft clipper), so loudness differences within and between sections are the ones the model predicts, and a clip sounds as it does in the app. The numbers under each clip are the peak pressure and sound pressure level at the listener, the RMS pressure over the clip, the spectral centroid of the sound between 0.2 and 1.2 s (a measure of brightness), and fitted 60 dB decay times of a low and a high band.</p>
26f7a12Gallery: 13 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 17<ul class="toc"><li><a href="#strike-speed">Drumstick: stick speed</a></li><li><a href="#strike-mass">Drumstick: stick mass</a></li><li><a href="#strike-stiffness">Drumstick: tip hardness</a></li><li><a href="#strike-position">Drumstick: strike position</a></li><li><a href="#push-amount">Push and release: push amount</a></li><li><a href="#push-sign">Push and release: with or against the bow</a></li><li><a href="#push-release">Push and release: release time</a></li><li><a href="#bow-amplitude">Sheet: initial bow (push and release)</a></li><li><a href="#bow-amplitude-strike">Sheet: initial bow (drumstick strike)</a></li><li><a href="#bow-shape">Sheet: shape of the bow (push and release)</a></li><li><a href="#bow-shape-strike">Sheet: shape of the bow (drumstick strike)</a></li><li><a href="#thickness">Sheet: thickness (push and release)</a></li><li><a href="#thickness-strike">Sheet: thickness (drumstick strike)</a></li></ul>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 18<section id="strike-speed">
19<h2>Drumstick: stick speed</h2>
20<p>A wooden stick tip (30 g effective mass) strikes the sheet at 70 percent of its width and 35 percent of its height. Speed sets both the loudness and the character: the contact force grows with speed, the contact shortens, and more energy reaches the high modes. The sound grows brighter as well as louder.</p>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 21<p class="dim">Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.</p>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 22<div class="cards"><div class="card">
23 <div class="label">0.5 m/s</div>
24 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-speed-0.wav"></audio>
25 <img src="clips/strike-speed-0.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
26 <div class="metrics">
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 27 <div>peak 0.435 Pa (87 dB SPL)</div>
28 <div>RMS 1.7 mPa</div>
29 <div>centroid 192 Hz</div>
30 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.8 s, 2-8 kHz 8.6 s</div>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 31 <div>contact force 28 N</div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 32 <div class="dim">wav peak 12.8 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 33 </div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 34 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&strikeVelocity=0.5">Open in simulator</a>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 35</div>
36<div class="card">
37 <div class="label">1 m/s</div>
38 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-speed-1.wav"></audio>
39 <img src="clips/strike-speed-1.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
40 <div class="metrics">
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 41 <div>peak 0.891 Pa (93 dB SPL)</div>
42 <div>RMS 3.6 mPa</div>
43 <div>centroid 259 Hz</div>
44 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.8 s, 2-8 kHz 6.8 s</div>
45 <div>contact force 58 N</div>
46 <div class="dim">wav peak 19.0 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 47 </div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 48 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&strikeVelocity=1">Open in simulator</a>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 49</div>
50<div class="card">
51 <div class="label">2 m/s</div>
52 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-speed-2.wav"></audio>
53 <img src="clips/strike-speed-2.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
54 <div class="metrics">
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 55 <div>peak 1.676 Pa (98 dB SPL)</div>
56 <div>RMS 7.3 mPa</div>
57 <div>centroid 317 Hz</div>
58 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 3.9 s, 2-8 kHz 5.1 s</div>
59 <div>contact force 124 N</div>
60 <div class="dim">wav peak 24.5 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 61 </div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 62 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&strikeVelocity=2">Open in simulator</a>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 63</div>
64<div class="card">
65 <div class="label">3 m/s</div>
66 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-speed-3.wav"></audio>
67 <img src="clips/strike-speed-3.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
68 <div class="metrics">
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 69 <div>peak 2.552 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
70 <div>RMS 10.9 mPa</div>
71 <div>centroid 655 Hz</div>
72 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.6 s</div>
73 <div>contact force 195 N</div>
74 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 75 </div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 76 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&strikeVelocity=3">Open in simulator</a>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 77</div>
78<div class="card">
79 <div class="label">4.5 m/s</div>
80 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-speed-4.wav"></audio>
81 <img src="clips/strike-speed-4.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
82 <div class="metrics">
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 83 <div>peak 4.114 Pa (106 dB SPL)</div>
84 <div>RMS 17.2 mPa</div>
85 <div>centroid 678 Hz</div>
86 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.4 s, 2-8 kHz 3.8 s</div>
87 <div>contact force 315 N</div>
88 <div class="dim">wav peak 32.3 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 89 </div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 90 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&strikeVelocity=4.5">Open in simulator</a>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 91</div>
92<div class="card">
93 <div class="label">6 m/s</div>
94 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-speed-5.wav"></audio>
95 <img src="clips/strike-speed-5.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
96 <div class="metrics">
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 97 <div>peak 5.721 Pa (109 dB SPL)</div>
98 <div>RMS 24.9 mPa</div>
99 <div>centroid 1654 Hz</div>
100 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 3.9 s, 2-8 kHz 3.4 s</div>
101 <div>contact force 448 N</div>
102 <div class="dim">wav peak 35.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 103 </div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 104 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&strikeVelocity=6">Open in simulator</a>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 105</div></div>
106</section>
107<section id="strike-mass">
108<h2>Drumstick: stick mass</h2>
109<p>The same speed with a lighter or heavier stick. A heavier stick carries more momentum, stays in contact longer, and pushes the sheet further, which favours the low modes; a light stick gives a short, bright tap.</p>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 110<p class="dim">Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.</p>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 111<div class="cards"><div class="card">
112 <div class="label">10 g</div>
113 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-mass-0.wav"></audio>
114 <img src="clips/strike-mass-0.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
115 <div class="metrics">
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 116 <div>peak 2.452 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
117 <div>RMS 9.7 mPa</div>
118 <div>centroid 654 Hz</div>
119 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.3 s, 2-8 kHz 5.2 s</div>
120 <div>contact force 183 N</div>
121 <div class="dim">wav peak 27.8 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 122 </div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 123 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&stickMass=0.01">Open in simulator</a>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 124</div>
125<div class="card">
126 <div class="label">30 g</div>
127 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-mass-1.wav"></audio>
128 <img src="clips/strike-mass-1.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
129 <div class="metrics">
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 130 <div>peak 2.552 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
131 <div>RMS 10.9 mPa</div>
132 <div>centroid 655 Hz</div>
133 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.6 s</div>
134 <div>contact force 195 N</div>
135 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 136 </div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 137 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&stickMass=0.03">Open in simulator</a>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 138</div>
139<div class="card">
140 <div class="label">60 g</div>
141 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-mass-2.wav"></audio>
142 <img src="clips/strike-mass-2.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
143 <div class="metrics">
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 144 <div>peak 2.578 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
145 <div>RMS 12.3 mPa</div>
146 <div>centroid 686 Hz</div>
147 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.1 s, 2-8 kHz 3.8 s</div>
148 <div>contact force 205 N</div>
149 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.2 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 150 </div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 151 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&stickMass=0.06">Open in simulator</a>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 152</div>
153<div class="card">
154 <div class="label">120 g</div>
155 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-mass-3.wav"></audio>
156 <img src="clips/strike-mass-3.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
157 <div class="metrics">
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 158 <div>peak 2.591 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
159 <div>RMS 17.0 mPa</div>
160 <div>centroid 1346 Hz</div>
161 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 3.5 s, 2-8 kHz 3.2 s</div>
162 <div>contact force 232 N</div>
163 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.3 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 164 </div>
82367b6Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 165 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&stickMass=0.12">Open in simulator</a>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 166</div></div>
167</section>
45a31b0Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 168<section id="strike-stiffness">
169<h2>Drumstick: tip hardness</h2>
170<p>The Hertz contact stiffness K stands for the hardness of the tip: a soft (rubber or felt) tip has a low K and a long, gentle contact that excites mainly the low modes; a hard tip (dense wood, or a metal beater) has a high K and a sharp click.</p>
65b16ebGallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 171<p class="dim">Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.</p>
45a31b0Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 172<div class="cards"><div class="card">
173 <div class="label">5000000 N/m^1.5</div>
174 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-stiffness-0.wav"></audio>
175 <img src="clips/strike-stiffness-0.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
176 <div class="metrics">
65b16ebGallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 177 <div>peak 0.380 Pa (86 dB SPL)</div>
178 <div>RMS 5.1 mPa</div>
179 <div>centroid 375 Hz</div>
180 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.4 s, 2-8 kHz 4.7 s</div>
45a31b0Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 181 <div>contact force 113 N</div>
65b16ebGallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 182 <div class="dim">wav peak 11.6 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
45a31b0Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 183 </div>
65b16ebGallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 184 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&contactStiffness=5000000">Open in simulator</a>
45a31b0Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 185</div>
186<div class="card">
187 <div class="label">50000000 N/m^1.5</div>
188 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-stiffness-1.wav"></audio>
189 <img src="clips/strike-stiffness-1.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
190 <div class="metrics">
65b16ebGallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 191 <div>peak 1.436 Pa (97 dB SPL)</div>
192 <div>RMS 7.9 mPa</div>
193 <div>centroid 677 Hz</div>
194 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.0 s, 2-8 kHz 4.4 s</div>
195 <div>contact force 148 N</div>
196 <div class="dim">wav peak 23.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
45a31b0Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 197 </div>
65b16ebGallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 198 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&contactStiffness=50000000">Open in simulator</a>
45a31b0Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 199</div>
200<div class="card">
201 <div class="label">500000000 N/m^1.5</div>
202 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-stiffness-2.wav"></audio>
203 <img src="clips/strike-stiffness-2.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
204 <div class="metrics">
65b16ebGallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 205 <div>peak 2.552 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
206 <div>RMS 10.9 mPa</div>
207 <div>centroid 655 Hz</div>
208 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.6 s</div>
209 <div>contact force 195 N</div>
210 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
45a31b0Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 211 </div>
65b16ebGallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 212 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&contactStiffness=500000000">Open in simulator</a>
45a31b0Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 213</div>
214<div class="card">
215 <div class="label">5000000000 N/m^1.5</div>
216 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-stiffness-3.wav"></audio>
217 <img src="clips/strike-stiffness-3.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
218 <div class="metrics">
65b16ebGallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 219 <div>peak 3.469 Pa (105 dB SPL)</div>
220 <div>RMS 15.5 mPa</div>
221 <div>centroid 563 Hz</div>
222 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 3.8 s, 2-8 kHz 4.5 s</div>
223 <div>contact force 532 N</div>
224 <div class="dim">wav peak 30.8 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
45a31b0Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 225 </div>
65b16ebGallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 226 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&contactStiffness=5000000000">Open in simulator</a>
45a31b0Gallery: 3 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 227</div></div>
228</section>
34bff74Gallery: 4 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 229<section id="strike-position">
230<h2>Drumstick: strike position</h2>
231<p>Where the sheet is struck decides which modes are excited: a strike at the center excites only modes that are symmetric about both axes, while a strike near an edge or a corner excites the twisting and edge modes as well.</p>
232<p class="dim">Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.</p>
233<div class="cards"><div class="card">
234 <div class="label">center</div>
235 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-position-0.wav"></audio>
236 <img src="clips/strike-position-0.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
237 <div class="metrics">
238 <div>peak 4.090 Pa (106 dB SPL)</div>
239 <div>RMS 17.4 mPa</div>
240 <div>centroid 449 Hz</div>
241 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.7 s, 2-8 kHz 3.9 s</div>
242 <div>contact force 195 N</div>
243 <div class="dim">wav peak 32.2 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
244 </div>
245 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&strikeFracX=0.5&strikeFracY=0.5">Open in simulator</a>
246</div>
247<div class="card">
248 <div class="label">off-center (default)</div>
249 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-position-1.wav"></audio>
250 <img src="clips/strike-position-1.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
251 <div class="metrics">
252 <div>peak 2.552 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
253 <div>RMS 10.9 mPa</div>
254 <div>centroid 655 Hz</div>
255 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.6 s</div>
256 <div>contact force 195 N</div>
257 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
258 </div>
259 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&strikeFracX=0.7&strikeFracY=0.35">Open in simulator</a>
260</div>
261<div class="card">
262 <div class="label">near the right edge</div>
263 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-position-2.wav"></audio>
264 <img src="clips/strike-position-2.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
265 <div class="metrics">
266 <div>peak 2.026 Pa (100 dB SPL)</div>
267 <div>RMS 9.8 mPa</div>
268 <div>centroid 457 Hz</div>
269 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.5 s</div>
270 <div>contact force 190 N</div>
271 <div class="dim">wav peak 26.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
272 </div>
273 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&strikeFracX=0.95&strikeFracY=0.5">Open in simulator</a>
274</div>
275<div class="card">
276 <div class="label">near a corner</div>
277 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/strike-position-3.wav"></audio>
278 <img src="clips/strike-position-3.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
279 <div class="metrics">
280 <div>peak 2.641 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
281 <div>RMS 13.0 mPa</div>
282 <div>centroid 540 Hz</div>
283 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.7 s, 2-8 kHz 4.4 s</div>
284 <div>contact force 197 N</div>
285 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.4 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
286 </div>
287 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&strikeFracX=0.92&strikeFracY=0.08">Open in simulator</a>
288</div></div>
289</section>
291<h2>Push and release: push amount</h2>
292<p>The corner is pushed by a given amount, held until the sheet settles, and released over 20 ms. A larger push stores more energy and, because the stiffness rises with deflection, produces a stronger pitch glide and a stronger transfer of energy to the higher partials.</p>
293<p class="dim">Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.</p>
294<div class="cards"><div class="card">
295 <div class="label">2 mm</div>
296 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/push-amount-0.wav"></audio>
297 <img src="clips/push-amount-0.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
298 <div class="metrics">
299 <div>peak 0.012 Pa (56 dB SPL)</div>
300 <div>RMS 0.1 mPa</div>
301 <div>centroid 427 Hz</div>
302 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.8 s, 2-8 kHz 17.5 s</div>
304 <div class="dim">wav peak -18.2 dBFS</div>
305 </div>
306 <a href="../../?pushAmount=0.002">Open in simulator</a>
307</div>
308<div class="card">
309 <div class="label">5 mm</div>
310 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/push-amount-1.wav"></audio>
311 <img src="clips/push-amount-1.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
312 <div class="metrics">
313 <div>peak 0.018 Pa (59 dB SPL)</div>
314 <div>RMS 0.4 mPa</div>
315 <div>centroid 179 Hz</div>
316 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.7 s, 2-8 kHz 10.7 s</div>
318 <div class="dim">wav peak -14.7 dBFS</div>
319 </div>
320 <a href="../../?pushAmount=0.005">Open in simulator</a>
321</div>
322<div class="card">
323 <div class="label">10 mm</div>
324 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/push-amount-2.wav"></audio>
325 <img src="clips/push-amount-2.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
326 <div class="metrics">
327 <div>peak 0.046 Pa (67 dB SPL)</div>
328 <div>RMS 3.3 mPa</div>
329 <div>centroid 196 Hz</div>
330 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.0 s, 2-8 kHz 7.7 s</div>
332 <div class="dim">wav peak -6.7 dBFS</div>
333 </div>
334 <a href="../../?pushAmount=0.01">Open in simulator</a>
335</div>
336<div class="card">
337 <div class="label">20 mm</div>
338 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/push-amount-3.wav"></audio>
339 <img src="clips/push-amount-3.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
340 <div class="metrics">
341 <div>peak 0.147 Pa (77 dB SPL)</div>
342 <div>RMS 6.8 mPa</div>
343 <div>centroid 411 Hz</div>
344 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.2 s</div>
346 <div class="dim">wav peak 3.3 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
347 </div>
348 <a href="../../?pushAmount=0.02">Open in simulator</a>
349</div></div>
350</section>
351<section id="push-sign">
352<h2>Push and release: with or against the bow</h2>
353<p>The sheet has a 3 mm bow across its width. Pushing the corner in the direction of the bow and against it are not equivalent: the shell stiffness is asymmetric, so the two cases have different low-mode frequencies and a different wobble.</p>
354<p class="dim">Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.</p>
355<div class="cards"><div class="card">
356 <div class="label">+10 mm (with the bow)</div>
357 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/push-sign-0.wav"></audio>
358 <img src="clips/push-sign-0.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
359 <div class="metrics">
360 <div>peak 0.046 Pa (67 dB SPL)</div>
361 <div>RMS 3.3 mPa</div>
362 <div>centroid 196 Hz</div>
363 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.0 s, 2-8 kHz 7.7 s</div>
365 <div class="dim">wav peak -6.7 dBFS</div>
366 </div>
367 <a href="../../?pushAmount=0.01">Open in simulator</a>
368</div>
369<div class="card">
370 <div class="label">-10 mm (against the bow)</div>
371 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/push-sign-1.wav"></audio>
372 <img src="clips/push-sign-1.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
373 <div class="metrics">
374 <div>peak 0.021 Pa (61 dB SPL)</div>
375 <div>RMS 2.0 mPa</div>
376 <div>centroid 114 Hz</div>
377 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 5.1 s, 2-8 kHz 7.6 s</div>
379 <div class="dim">wav peak -13.5 dBFS</div>
380 </div>
381 <a href="../../?pushAmount=-0.01">Open in simulator</a>
382</div></div>
383</section>
307b6aeGallery: 7 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 384<section id="push-release">
385<h2>Push and release: release time</h2>
386<p>How fast the finger lets go. An instantaneous release is a step in force and excites every mode, giving a click; a release over tens of milliseconds excites only the lowest modes, as a fingertip does.</p>
387<p class="dim">Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.</p>
388<div class="cards"><div class="card">
389 <div class="label">0 ms</div>
390 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/push-release-0.wav"></audio>
391 <img src="clips/push-release-0.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
392 <div class="metrics">
393 <div>peak 0.764 Pa (92 dB SPL)</div>
394 <div>RMS 9.0 mPa</div>
395 <div>centroid 227 Hz</div>
396 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.5 s, 2-8 kHz 4.8 s</div>
398 <div class="dim">wav peak 17.7 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
399 </div>
400 <a href="../../?releaseTime=0">Open in simulator</a>
401</div>
402<div class="card">
403 <div class="label">5 ms</div>
404 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/push-release-1.wav"></audio>
405 <img src="clips/push-release-1.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
406 <div class="metrics">
407 <div>peak 0.052 Pa (68 dB SPL)</div>
408 <div>RMS 3.8 mPa</div>
409 <div>centroid 225 Hz</div>
410 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.6 s, 2-8 kHz 5.4 s</div>
412 <div class="dim">wav peak -5.7 dBFS</div>
413 </div>
414 <a href="../../?releaseTime=0.005">Open in simulator</a>
415</div>
416<div class="card">
417 <div class="label">20 ms</div>
418 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/push-release-2.wav"></audio>
419 <img src="clips/push-release-2.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
420 <div class="metrics">
421 <div>peak 0.046 Pa (67 dB SPL)</div>
422 <div>RMS 3.3 mPa</div>
423 <div>centroid 196 Hz</div>
424 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.0 s, 2-8 kHz 7.7 s</div>
426 <div class="dim">wav peak -6.7 dBFS</div>
427 </div>
428 <a href="../../?releaseTime=0.02">Open in simulator</a>
429</div>
430<div class="card">
431 <div class="label">50 ms</div>
432 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/push-release-3.wav"></audio>
433 <img src="clips/push-release-3.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
434 <div class="metrics">
435 <div>peak 0.030 Pa (64 dB SPL)</div>
436 <div>RMS 2.1 mPa</div>
437 <div>centroid 103 Hz</div>
438 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.0 s, 2-8 kHz 13.6 s</div>
440 <div class="dim">wav peak -10.4 dBFS</div>
441 </div>
442 <a href="../../?releaseTime=0.05">Open in simulator</a>
443</div></div>
444</section>
5ff1300Gallery: 9 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 445<section id="bow-amplitude">
446<h2>Sheet: initial bow (push and release)</h2>
447<p>Real sheet metal has a bow of a few millimetres, which makes it a shallow shell with an asymmetric stiffness. A flat plate has a symmetric, purely hardening nonlinearity; the bowed sheet moves energy out of the inaudible sub-50 Hz range into the audible partials and produces the slow wobble of a real sheet.</p>
448<p class="dim">Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.</p>
449<div class="cards"><div class="card">
450 <div class="label">0 mm</div>
451 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/bow-amplitude-0.wav"></audio>
452 <img src="clips/bow-amplitude-0.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
453 <div class="metrics">
454 <div>peak 0.019 Pa (59 dB SPL)</div>
455 <div>RMS 1.4 mPa</div>
456 <div>centroid 139 Hz</div>
457 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 3.8 s, 2-8 kHz 5.7 s</div>
459 <div class="dim">wav peak -14.6 dBFS</div>
460 </div>
461 <a href="../../?bowAmplitude=0">Open in simulator</a>
462</div>
463<div class="card">
464 <div class="label">1.5 mm</div>
465 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/bow-amplitude-1.wav"></audio>
466 <img src="clips/bow-amplitude-1.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
467 <div class="metrics">
468 <div>peak 0.020 Pa (60 dB SPL)</div>
469 <div>RMS 1.9 mPa</div>
470 <div>centroid 151 Hz</div>
471 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 3.9 s, 2-8 kHz 5.8 s</div>
473 <div class="dim">wav peak -13.8 dBFS</div>
474 </div>
475 <a href="../../?bowAmplitude=0.0015">Open in simulator</a>
476</div>
477<div class="card">
478 <div class="label">3 mm</div>
479 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/bow-amplitude-2.wav"></audio>
480 <img src="clips/bow-amplitude-2.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
481 <div class="metrics">
482 <div>peak 0.046 Pa (67 dB SPL)</div>
483 <div>RMS 3.3 mPa</div>
484 <div>centroid 196 Hz</div>
485 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.0 s, 2-8 kHz 7.7 s</div>
487 <div class="dim">wav peak -6.7 dBFS</div>
488 </div>
489 <a href="../../?bowAmplitude=0.003">Open in simulator</a>
490</div>
491<div class="card">
492 <div class="label">6 mm</div>
493 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/bow-amplitude-3.wav"></audio>
494 <img src="clips/bow-amplitude-3.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
495 <div class="metrics">
496 <div>peak 0.051 Pa (68 dB SPL)</div>
497 <div>RMS 3.9 mPa</div>
498 <div>centroid 260 Hz</div>
499 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.7 s, 2-8 kHz 19.0 s</div>
501 <div class="dim">wav peak -5.8 dBFS</div>
502 </div>
503 <a href="../../?bowAmplitude=0.006">Open in simulator</a>
504</div></div>
505</section>
506<section id="bow-amplitude-strike">
507<h2>Sheet: initial bow (drumstick strike)</h2>
508<p>The same sweep excited by the default drumstick strike (30 g at 3 m/s) instead of the corner push.</p>
509<p class="dim">Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.</p>
510<div class="cards"><div class="card">
511 <div class="label">0 mm</div>
512 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/bow-amplitude-strike-0.wav"></audio>
513 <img src="clips/bow-amplitude-strike-0.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
514 <div class="metrics">
515 <div>peak 2.552 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
516 <div>RMS 10.7 mPa</div>
517 <div>centroid 674 Hz</div>
518 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 3.6 s, 2-8 kHz 3.4 s</div>
519 <div>contact force 196 N</div>
520 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
521 </div>
522 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&bowAmplitude=0">Open in simulator</a>
523</div>
524<div class="card">
525 <div class="label">1.5 mm</div>
526 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/bow-amplitude-strike-1.wav"></audio>
527 <img src="clips/bow-amplitude-strike-1.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
528 <div class="metrics">
529 <div>peak 2.552 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
530 <div>RMS 10.7 mPa</div>
531 <div>centroid 601 Hz</div>
532 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.1 s, 2-8 kHz 3.3 s</div>
533 <div>contact force 195 N</div>
534 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
535 </div>
536 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&bowAmplitude=0.0015">Open in simulator</a>
537</div>
538<div class="card">
539 <div class="label">3 mm</div>
540 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/bow-amplitude-strike-2.wav"></audio>
541 <img src="clips/bow-amplitude-strike-2.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
542 <div class="metrics">
543 <div>peak 2.552 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
544 <div>RMS 10.9 mPa</div>
545 <div>centroid 655 Hz</div>
546 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.6 s</div>
547 <div>contact force 195 N</div>
548 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
549 </div>
550 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&bowAmplitude=0.003">Open in simulator</a>
551</div>
552<div class="card">
553 <div class="label">6 mm</div>
554 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/bow-amplitude-strike-3.wav"></audio>
555 <img src="clips/bow-amplitude-strike-3.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
556 <div class="metrics">
557 <div>peak 2.552 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
558 <div>RMS 13.3 mPa</div>
559 <div>centroid 291 Hz</div>
560 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.6 s, 2-8 kHz 6.3 s</div>
561 <div>contact force 195 N</div>
562 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
563 </div>
564 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&bowAmplitude=0.006">Open in simulator</a>
565</div></div>
566</section>
f029e38Gallery: 10 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 567<section id="bow-shape">
568<h2>Sheet: shape of the bow (push and release)</h2>
569<p>The same 3 mm sag as a bow across the width, across the height, or as a dish curved both ways.</p>
570<p class="dim">Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.</p>
571<div class="cards"><div class="card">
572 <div class="label">across the width</div>
573 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/bow-shape-0.wav"></audio>
574 <img src="clips/bow-shape-0.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
575 <div class="metrics">
576 <div>peak 0.046 Pa (67 dB SPL)</div>
577 <div>RMS 3.3 mPa</div>
578 <div>centroid 196 Hz</div>
579 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.0 s, 2-8 kHz 7.7 s</div>
581 <div class="dim">wav peak -6.7 dBFS</div>
582 </div>
583 <a href="../../?bowShape=width">Open in simulator</a>
584</div>
585<div class="card">
586 <div class="label">across the height</div>
587 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/bow-shape-1.wav"></audio>
588 <img src="clips/bow-shape-1.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
589 <div class="metrics">
590 <div>peak 0.030 Pa (63 dB SPL)</div>
591 <div>RMS 2.0 mPa</div>
592 <div>centroid 141 Hz</div>
593 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.9 s, 2-8 kHz 7.8 s</div>
595 <div class="dim">wav peak -10.5 dBFS</div>
596 </div>
597 <a href="../../?bowShape=height">Open in simulator</a>
598</div>
599<div class="card">
600 <div class="label">dish</div>
601 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/bow-shape-2.wav"></audio>
602 <img src="clips/bow-shape-2.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
603 <div class="metrics">
604 <div>peak 0.037 Pa (65 dB SPL)</div>
605 <div>RMS 2.7 mPa</div>
606 <div>centroid 155 Hz</div>
607 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.7 s, 2-8 kHz 6.6 s</div>
609 <div class="dim">wav peak -8.7 dBFS</div>
610 </div>
611 <a href="../../?bowShape=dish">Open in simulator</a>
612</div></div>
613</section>
5cfff5dGallery: 12 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 614<section id="bow-shape-strike">
615<h2>Sheet: shape of the bow (drumstick strike)</h2>
616<p>The same sweep excited by the default drumstick strike (30 g at 3 m/s) instead of the corner push.</p>
617<p class="dim">Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.</p>
618<div class="cards"><div class="card">
619 <div class="label">across the width</div>
620 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/bow-shape-strike-0.wav"></audio>
621 <img src="clips/bow-shape-strike-0.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
622 <div class="metrics">
623 <div>peak 2.552 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
624 <div>RMS 10.9 mPa</div>
625 <div>centroid 655 Hz</div>
626 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.6 s</div>
627 <div>contact force 195 N</div>
628 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
629 </div>
630 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&bowShape=width">Open in simulator</a>
631</div>
632<div class="card">
633 <div class="label">across the height</div>
634 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/bow-shape-strike-1.wav"></audio>
635 <img src="clips/bow-shape-strike-1.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
636 <div class="metrics">
637 <div>peak 2.552 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
638 <div>RMS 10.9 mPa</div>
639 <div>centroid 464 Hz</div>
640 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.2 s</div>
641 <div>contact force 195 N</div>
642 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
643 </div>
644 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&bowShape=height">Open in simulator</a>
645</div>
646<div class="card">
647 <div class="label">dish</div>
648 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/bow-shape-strike-2.wav"></audio>
649 <img src="clips/bow-shape-strike-2.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
650 <div class="metrics">
651 <div>peak 2.552 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
652 <div>RMS 10.9 mPa</div>
653 <div>centroid 618 Hz</div>
654 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.6 s, 2-8 kHz 4.1 s</div>
655 <div>contact force 195 N</div>
656 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
657 </div>
658 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&bowShape=dish">Open in simulator</a>
659</div></div>
660</section>
661<section id="thickness">
662<h2>Sheet: thickness (push and release)</h2>
663<p>Bending stiffness grows with the cube of the thickness while mass grows linearly, so a thicker sheet has higher mode frequencies, and the same push is a smaller multiple of the thickness, which weakens the nonlinear effects. Gauges 24, 22, 18 and 14.</p>
664<p class="dim">Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.</p>
665<div class="cards"><div class="card">
666 <div class="label">0.6 mm</div>
667 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/thickness-0.wav"></audio>
668 <img src="clips/thickness-0.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
669 <div class="metrics">
670 <div>peak 0.027 Pa (63 dB SPL)</div>
671 <div>RMS 2.1 mPa</div>
672 <div>centroid 188 Hz</div>
673 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 3.4 s, 2-8 kHz 7.9 s</div>
675 <div class="dim">wav peak -11.4 dBFS</div>
676 </div>
677 <a href="../../?h=0.0006">Open in simulator</a>
678</div>
679<div class="card">
680 <div class="label">0.79 mm</div>
681 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/thickness-1.wav"></audio>
682 <img src="clips/thickness-1.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
683 <div class="metrics">
684 <div>peak 0.046 Pa (67 dB SPL)</div>
685 <div>RMS 3.3 mPa</div>
686 <div>centroid 196 Hz</div>
687 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.0 s, 2-8 kHz 7.7 s</div>
689 <div class="dim">wav peak -6.7 dBFS</div>
690 </div>
691 <a href="../../?h=0.00079">Open in simulator</a>
692</div>
693<div class="card">
694 <div class="label">1.2 mm</div>
695 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/thickness-2.wav"></audio>
696 <img src="clips/thickness-2.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
697 <div class="metrics">
698 <div>peak 0.069 Pa (71 dB SPL)</div>
699 <div>RMS 5.9 mPa</div>
700 <div>centroid 120 Hz</div>
701 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.9 s, 2-8 kHz 7.4 s</div>
703 <div class="dim">wav peak -3.2 dBFS</div>
704 </div>
705 <a href="../../?h=0.0012">Open in simulator</a>
706</div>
707<div class="card">
708 <div class="label">2 mm</div>
709 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/thickness-3.wav"></audio>
710 <img src="clips/thickness-3.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
711 <div class="metrics">
712 <div>peak 0.052 Pa (68 dB SPL)</div>
713 <div>RMS 7.7 mPa</div>
714 <div>centroid 97 Hz</div>
715 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 5.2 s, 2-8 kHz 7.3 s</div>
717 <div class="dim">wav peak -5.6 dBFS</div>
718 </div>
719 <a href="../../?h=0.002">Open in simulator</a>
720</div></div>
721</section>
26f7a12Gallery: 13 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 722<section id="thickness-strike">
723<h2>Sheet: thickness (drumstick strike)</h2>
724<p>The same sweep excited by the default drumstick strike (30 g at 3 m/s) instead of the corner push.</p>
725<p class="dim">Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.</p>
726<div class="cards"><div class="card">
727 <div class="label">0.6 mm</div>
728 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/thickness-strike-0.wav"></audio>
729 <img src="clips/thickness-strike-0.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
730 <div class="metrics">
731 <div>peak 2.616 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
732 <div>RMS 10.5 mPa</div>
733 <div>centroid 634 Hz</div>
734 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.5 s, 2-8 kHz 5.0 s</div>
735 <div>contact force 168 N</div>
736 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.4 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
737 </div>
738 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&h=0.0006">Open in simulator</a>
739</div>
740<div class="card">
741 <div class="label">0.79 mm</div>
742 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/thickness-strike-1.wav"></audio>
743 <img src="clips/thickness-strike-1.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
744 <div class="metrics">
745 <div>peak 2.552 Pa (102 dB SPL)</div>
746 <div>RMS 10.9 mPa</div>
747 <div>centroid 655 Hz</div>
748 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.6 s</div>
749 <div>contact force 195 N</div>
750 <div class="dim">wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
751 </div>
752 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&h=0.00079">Open in simulator</a>
753</div>
754<div class="card">
755 <div class="label">1.2 mm</div>
756 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/thickness-strike-2.wav"></audio>
757 <img src="clips/thickness-strike-2.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
758 <div class="metrics">
759 <div>peak 3.749 Pa (105 dB SPL)</div>
760 <div>RMS 15.9 mPa</div>
761 <div>centroid 1009 Hz</div>
762 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 4.4 s, 2-8 kHz 3.3 s</div>
763 <div>contact force 348 N</div>
764 <div class="dim">wav peak 31.5 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
765 </div>
766 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&h=0.0012">Open in simulator</a>
767</div>
768<div class="card">
769 <div class="label">2 mm</div>
770 <audio controls preload="none" src="clips/thickness-strike-3.wav"></audio>
771 <img src="clips/thickness-strike-3.png" alt="spectrogram" width="640" height="200">
772 <div class="metrics">
773 <div>peak 3.795 Pa (106 dB SPL)</div>
774 <div>RMS 22.2 mPa</div>
775 <div>centroid 2181 Hz</div>
776 <div>T60 100-500 Hz 5.0 s, 2-8 kHz 2.5 s</div>
777 <div>contact force 699 N</div>
778 <div class="dim">wav peak 31.6 dBFS (soft-clipped)</div>
779 </div>
780 <a href="../../?excitation=strike&h=0.002">Open in simulator</a>
781</div></div>
782</section>
074cb4eGallery: 2 sweep(s) renderedJeremy Magland 783<p class="dim">Generated by <code>steelsim gallery</code>; parameters not listed take the simulator defaults.</p>
784</body></html>
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