// Parameter form: numeric fields in convenient units, a few selects, and the
// derived-quantity notes. Everything is stored in SI in `params`.

import {
  type BowShape,
  type Excitation,
  type Grid,
  hitSchedule,
  type PhysParams,
  type PlateShape,
  countInside,
  dispersionFrequency,
  makeGrid,
  makeMaterial,
  t60,
  CFL,
} from "../params.ts";
import { maxAngularFrequency } from "../sim/cpuRef.ts";

export type SizeUnit = "in" | "mm";

interface FieldSpec {
  key: keyof PhysParams;
  label: string;
  unit: string; // "size" means the shared width/height unit
  scale: number; // form value = SI value / scale
  step?: number;
  live?: boolean; // may be changed while a simulation runs
  show?: (p: PhysParams) => boolean; // shown only when this holds
}

interface SelectSpec {
  key: keyof PhysParams;
  label: string;
  options: [string, string][];
  show?: (p: PhysParams) => boolean;
}

interface Group {
  title: string;
  open: boolean;
  selects?: SelectSpec[]; // shown at the top of the group
  fields: FieldSpec[];
  note?: string | "grid" | "damping" | "numerics" | "hits";
}

const push = (p: PhysParams) => p.excitation === "push";
const strike = (p: PhysParams) => p.excitation === "strike";
const series = (p: PhysParams) => strike(p) && p.hitSequence !== "single";
const graded = (p: PhysParams) => strike(p) && (p.hitSequence === "crescendo" || p.hitSequence === "decrescendo");

const groups: Group[] = [
  {
    title: "Sheet",
    open: true,
    selects: [{ key: "shape", label: "Outline", options: [["rectangle", "Rectangle"], ["ellipse", "Ellipse (inscribed)"]] }],
    fields: [
      { key: "Lx", label: "Width", unit: "size", scale: 1, step: 0.5 },
      { key: "Ly", label: "Height", unit: "size", scale: 1, step: 0.5 },
      { key: "h", label: "Thickness", unit: "mm", scale: 1e-3, step: 0.01 },
      { key: "E", label: "Young's modulus", unit: "GPa", scale: 1e9, step: 1 },
      { key: "nu", label: "Poisson ratio", unit: "", scale: 1, step: 0.01 },
      { key: "rho", label: "Density", unit: "kg/m³", scale: 1, step: 10 },
      { key: "holeInset", label: "Hole inset", unit: "mm", scale: 1e-3, step: 1 },
    ],
    note: "grid",
  },
  {
    title: "Initial shape",
    open: true,
    selects: [{ key: "bowShape", label: "Bow shape", options: [["width", "Curved across the width"], ["height", "Curved across the height"], ["dish", "Dish (curved both ways)"], ["none", "Flat"]] }],
    fields: [{ key: "bowAmplitude", label: "Bow (center sag)", unit: "mm", scale: 1e-3, step: 0.5 }],
    note: "Real sheet metal is never flat. A bow of a few millimeters makes the sheet a shallow shell with an asymmetric stiffness; a negative push amount pushes against the bow.",
  },
  {
    title: "Excitation",
    open: true,
    selects: [
      { key: "excitation", label: "Type", options: [["strike", "Drumstick strike"], ["push", "Push a corner and release"]] },
      { key: "hitSequence", label: "Hits", options: [["single", "One hit"], ["steady", "Series, same speed"], ["crescendo", "Series, soft to loud"], ["decrescendo", "Series, loud to soft"]], show: strike },
    ],
    fields: [
      { key: "pushAmount", label: "Push amount", unit: "mm", scale: 1e-3, step: 0.5, show: push },
      { key: "fingerRadius", label: "Finger radius", unit: "mm", scale: 1e-3, step: 1, show: push },
      { key: "rampTime", label: "Push ramp", unit: "s", scale: 1, step: 0.01, show: push },
      { key: "holdMax", label: "Max settle time", unit: "s", scale: 1, step: 0.1, show: push },
      { key: "releaseTime", label: "Release time", unit: "ms", scale: 1e-3, step: 1, show: push },
      { key: "settleSigma0", label: "Settle damping σ₀", unit: "1/s", scale: 1, step: 10, show: push },
      { key: "strikeFracX", label: "Strike x (fraction of width)", unit: "", scale: 1, step: 0.05, show: strike },
      { key: "strikeFracY", label: "Strike y (fraction of height)", unit: "", scale: 1, step: 0.05, show: strike },
      { key: "strikeVelocity", label: "Stick speed", unit: "m/s", scale: 1, step: 0.5, show: strike },
      { key: "strikeVelocityMin", label: "Softest stick speed", unit: "m/s", scale: 1, step: 0.5, show: graded },
      { key: "hitCount", label: "Number of hits", unit: "", scale: 1, step: 1, show: series },
      { key: "hitInterval", label: "Time between hits", unit: "s", scale: 1, step: 0.1, show: series },
      { key: "stickMass", label: "Stick mass", unit: "g", scale: 1e-3, step: 5, show: strike },
      { key: "contactStiffness", label: "Contact stiffness K", unit: "N/mᵅ", scale: 1, step: 1e8, show: strike },
      { key: "contactExponent", label: "Contact exponent α", unit: "", scale: 1, step: 0.1, show: strike },
      { key: "contactRadius", label: "Tip radius", unit: "mm", scale: 1e-3, step: 1, show: strike },
    ],
    note: "hits",
  },
  {
    title: "Losses",
    open: true,
    fields: [
      { key: "sigma0", label: "σ₀ (frequency independent)", unit: "1/s", scale: 1, step: 0.1, live: true },
      { key: "sigma1", label: "σ₁ (∝ frequency)", unit: "m²/s", scale: 1, step: 1e-5, live: true },
      { key: "sigmaIn", label: "In-plane loss", unit: "1/s", scale: 1, step: 5, live: true },
    ],
    note: "damping",
  },
  {
    title: "Listener",
    open: true,
    fields: [
      { key: "listenerDist", label: "Distance", unit: "m", scale: 1, step: 0.1, live: true },
      { key: "listenerAzimuth", label: "Azimuth", unit: "deg", scale: 1, step: 5, live: true },
      { key: "listenerElevation", label: "Elevation", unit: "deg", scale: 1, step: 5, live: true },
    ],
  },
  {
    title: "Numerics",
    open: false,
    selects: [{ key: "rigidProjection", label: "Rigid-body projection while ringing", options: [["false", "Off"], ["true", "On (every 32 steps)"]] }],
    fields: [
      { key: "spacing", label: "Grid spacing", unit: "mm", scale: 1e-3, step: 0.5 },
      { key: "inPlaneMass", label: "In-plane mass factor", unit: "", scale: 1, step: 1 },
      { key: "fs", label: "Audio sample rate", unit: "Hz", scale: 1, step: 100 },
      { key: "fps", label: "Movie frame rate", unit: "fps", scale: 1, step: 10 },
      { key: "settleKE", label: "Settled below KE", unit: "J", scale: 1, step: 1e-9 },
    ],
    note: "numerics",
  },
];

const SIZE_SCALE: Record<SizeUnit, number> = { in: 0.0254, mm: 1e-3 };
const selectKeys: (keyof PhysParams)[] = ["shape", "bowShape", "excitation", "hitSequence", "rigidProjection"];
const selectValues: Record<string, string[]> = {
  shape: ["rectangle", "ellipse"],
  bowShape: ["none", "width", "height", "dish"],
  excitation: ["push", "strike"],
  hitSequence: ["single", "steady", "crescendo", "decrescendo"],
  rigidProjection: ["false", "true"],
};

/** Parses a select value (URL or form) into the parameter's type. */
function parseSelect(key: keyof PhysParams, v: string): string | boolean {
  return key === "rigidProjection" ? v === "true" || v === "1" : v;
}

export function formatNumber(v: number): string {
  if (v === 0) return "0";
  const a = Math.abs(v);
  if (a >= 1e5 || a < 1e-3) return v.toExponential(3);
  return String(+v.toPrecision(6));
}

export class ParamForm {
  readonly params: PhysParams;
  sizeUnit: SizeUnit = "in";
  /** Called after any change; `live` tells whether the field may change during a run. */
  onChange: (key: keyof PhysParams, live: boolean) => void = () => {};

  private inputs = new Map<keyof PhysParams, HTMLInputElement | HTMLSelectElement>();
  private sizeUnitSelect = document.createElement("select");
  private sizeUnitLabels: HTMLElement[] = [];
  private conditional: { el: HTMLElement; show: (p: PhysParams) => boolean }[] = [];
  private gridNote: HTMLElement | null = null;
  private hitsNote: HTMLElement | null = null;
  private dampingNote: HTMLElement | null = null;
  private numericsNote: HTMLElement | null = null;
  private omegaCache: { key: string; omega: number } | null = null;
  private liveKeys = new Set<keyof PhysParams>();

  constructor(root: HTMLElement, params: PhysParams) {
    this.params = params;
    for (const g of groups) {
      const det = document.createElement("details");
      det.open = g.open;
      const sum = document.createElement("summary");
      sum.textContent = g.title;
      det.appendChild(sum);
      for (const s of g.selects ?? []) {
        const row = this.selectRow(s);
        if (s.show) this.conditional.push({ el: row, show: s.show });
        det.appendChild(row);
      }
      for (const f of g.fields) {
        const row = this.fieldRow(f);
        if (f.show) this.conditional.push({ el: row, show: f.show });
        if (f.live) this.liveKeys.add(f.key);
        det.appendChild(row);
      }
      if (g.note) {
        const note = document.createElement("p");
        note.className = "sub";
        if (g.note === "grid") this.gridNote = note;
        else if (g.note === "hits") this.hitsNote = note;
        else if (g.note === "damping") this.dampingNote = note;
        else if (g.note === "numerics") this.numericsNote = note;
        else note.textContent = g.note;
        det.appendChild(note);
      }
      root.appendChild(det);
    }
    this.updateVisibility();
    this.updateNotes();
  }

  private selectRow(s: SelectSpec): HTMLElement {
    const row = document.createElement("div");
    row.className = "field";
    const l = document.createElement("label");
    l.textContent = s.label;
    const sel = document.createElement("select");
    for (const [v, t] of s.options) {
      const o = document.createElement("option");
      o.value = v; o.textContent = t;
      sel.appendChild(o);
    }
    sel.value = String(this.params[s.key]);
    sel.addEventListener("change", () => {
      (this.params as unknown as Record<string, string | boolean>)[s.key] = parseSelect(s.key, sel.value);
      this.updateVisibility();
      this.updateNotes();
      this.onChange(s.key, false);
    });
    row.append(l, sel, document.createElement("span"));
    this.inputs.set(s.key, sel);
    return row;
  }

  private fieldRow(f: FieldSpec): HTMLElement {
    const row = document.createElement("div");
    row.className = "field";
    const label = document.createElement("label");
    label.textContent = f.label;
    const inp = document.createElement("input");
    inp.type = "number";
    inp.step = String(f.step ?? 1);
    inp.value = formatNumber((this.params[f.key] as number) / this.scale(f));
    inp.addEventListener("change", () => {
      const v = parseFloat(inp.value);
      if (!isFinite(v)) return;
      (this.params as unknown as Record<string, number>)[f.key] = v * this.scale(f);
      this.updateVisibility();
      this.updateNotes();
      this.onChange(f.key, !!f.live);
    });
    this.inputs.set(f.key, inp);
    const unit = document.createElement("span");
    unit.className = "unit";
    if (f.unit === "size") {
      // Width and height share one unit selector (inches by default), shown on the first of them.
      const sel = this.sizeUnitSelect;
      if (sel.options.length === 0) {
        for (const u of ["in", "mm"] as SizeUnit[]) {
          const o = document.createElement("option");
          o.value = u; o.textContent = u;
          sel.appendChild(o);
        }
        sel.value = this.sizeUnit;
        sel.className = "unit-select";
        sel.addEventListener("change", () => {
          this.sizeUnit = sel.value as SizeUnit;
          for (const el of this.sizeUnitLabels) el.textContent = this.sizeUnit;
          this.refresh();
        });
        row.append(label, inp, sel);
        return row;
      }
      unit.textContent = this.sizeUnit;
      this.sizeUnitLabels.push(unit);
    } else {
      unit.textContent = f.unit;
    }
    row.append(label, inp, unit);
    return row;
  }

  private scale(f: FieldSpec): number {
    return f.unit === "size" ? SIZE_SCALE[this.sizeUnit] : f.scale;
  }

  /** Shows the fields that apply to the selected excitation and hit sequence only. */
  private updateVisibility(): void {
    for (const c of this.conditional) c.el.hidden = !c.show(this.params);
  }

  /** Rewrites every input from the current parameter values. */
  refresh(): void {
    for (const g of groups) {
      for (const f of g.fields) {
        const inp = this.inputs.get(f.key) as HTMLInputElement;
        inp.value = formatNumber((this.params[f.key] as number) / this.scale(f));
      }
    }
    for (const k of selectKeys) (this.inputs.get(k) as HTMLSelectElement).value = String(this.params[k]);
    this.updateVisibility();
    this.updateNotes();
  }

  /** Enables or disables the fields that cannot change while a simulation runs. */
  setEnabled(enabled: boolean): void {
    for (const [key, el] of this.inputs) if (!this.liveKeys.has(key)) el.disabled = !enabled;
  }

  /** Applies URL parameters: any PhysParams key in SI units (booleans as 0/1 or false/true). Returns the keys that were set. */
  applyUrl(q: URLSearchParams): (keyof PhysParams)[] {
    const set: (keyof PhysParams)[] = [];
    for (const [k, v] of q) {
      if (!(k in this.params)) continue;
      const key = k as keyof PhysParams;
      if (selectKeys.includes(key)) {
        const norm = v === "1" ? "true" : v === "0" ? "false" : v;
        if (selectValues[key].includes(norm)) {
          (this.params as unknown as Record<string, string | boolean>)[key] = parseSelect(key, norm);
          set.push(key);
        }
      } else {
        const num = parseFloat(v);
        if (isFinite(num)) {
          (this.params as unknown as Record<string, number>)[key] = num;
          set.push(key);
        }
      }
    }
    this.refresh();
    return set;
  }

  gridInfo(): { grid: Grid; inside: number } {
    const grid = makeGrid(this.params);
    return { grid, inside: countInside(grid) };
  }

  /** Rewrites the derived-quantity notes; call after a change made outside the form (the recorded duration). */
  updateNotes(): void {
    const p = this.params;
    if (this.hitsNote) {
      if (p.excitation !== "strike") {
        this.hitsNote.textContent = "";
      } else {
        const hits = hitSchedule(p);
        const last = hits[hits.length - 1];
        const decay = p.duration - last.t;
        const speeds = hits.length <= 8 ? hits.map((h) => h.v.toFixed(1)).join(", ") : `${hits[0].v.toFixed(1)} ... ${last.v.toFixed(1)}`;
        this.hitsNote.textContent =
          hits.length === 1
            ? `One hit at ${speeds} m/s; the recorded duration of ${p.duration} s starts at the impact.`
            : `${hits.length} hits at ${speeds} m/s, the last at ${last.t.toFixed(2)} s. ` +
              (decay > 0
                ? `The recorded duration of ${p.duration} s leaves ${decay.toFixed(2)} s of ring after the last hit.`
                : `The recorded duration of ${p.duration} s ends before the last hit; raise it to hear the whole series.`);
      }
    }
    if (this.gridNote) {
      const { grid, inside } = this.gridInfo();
      const m = makeMaterial(p);
      const f3 = dispersionFrequency(m, grid, 0.03), f10 = dispersionFrequency(m, grid, 0.1);
      const outline = p.shape === "ellipse" ? "ellipse with a stepped edge" : "rectangle";
      this.gridNote.textContent = `${outline}; ${grid.nx} × ${grid.ny} grid, ${inside} nodes in the sheet. Bending partials come out low by 3% near ${(f3 / 1e3).toFixed(1)} kHz and by 10% near ${(f10 / 1e3).toFixed(1)} kHz (grid dispersion).`;
    }
    if (this.dampingNote) {
      const m = makeMaterial(p);
      const f = (hz: number) => t60(m, p, 2 * Math.PI * hz).toFixed(2);
      this.dampingNote.textContent = `T60: ${f(100)} s at 100 Hz, ${f(1000)} s at 1 kHz, ${f(5000)} s at 5 kHz.`;
    }
    if (this.numericsNote) {
      const { grid } = this.gridInfo();
      const m = makeMaterial(p);
      const s = Math.max(1, p.inPlaneMass);
      // The power iteration takes a moment, so its result is kept until the spacing, the material, or the factor changes.
      const key = [grid.hx, grid.hy, m.D, m.C, m.G, m.nu, m.rhoh, s].join("|");
      if (!this.omegaCache || this.omegaCache.key !== key) this.omegaCache = { key, omega: maxAngularFrequency(grid, m, s) };
      const stepsPerSample = Math.ceil(1 / (p.fs * ((CFL * 2) / this.omegaCache.omega)));
      const dt = 1 / (p.fs * stepsPerSample);
      const cp = Math.sqrt(m.C / m.rhoh / s);
      this.numericsNote.textContent =
        `Time step ${(dt * 1e6).toFixed(2)} µs (${stepsPerSample} per sample), set by the in-plane wave speed of ${cp.toFixed(0)} m/s. ` +
        `An in-plane mass factor above 1 slows the in-plane waves by its square root and lengthens the step by up to the same factor, at the cost of lowering the in-plane modes, which the bow couples to the sound. ` +
        `The excitation forces are self-equilibrated, so the projection while ringing only removes rounding drift of the six rigid modes; it is always applied while the sheet is held.`;
    }
  }

  get excitation(): Excitation {
    return this.params.excitation;
  }
  get shape(): PlateShape {
    return this.params.shape;
  }
  get bowShape(): BowShape {
    return this.params.bowShape;
  }
}