Steel sheet gong: how the parameters shape the sound

Each section varies one property of the simulated sheet or of the excitation while everything else stays at the simulator defaults: a 12 by 18 inch, 22 gauge (0.79 mm) stainless steel sheet hanging in portrait orientation with a 3 mm bow across its width, heard 1 m in front of its center, recorded for 4 s. The clips are computed with the simulator's default numerical settings (8 mm grid), so the 'Open in simulator' links reproduce them exactly. Click a player to hear a clip. Every clip is rendered at the simulator's default playback level (+20 dB relative to 1 Pa at full scale, with the same soft clipper), so loudness differences within and between sections are the ones the model predicts, and a clip sounds as it does in the app. The numbers under each clip are the peak pressure and sound pressure level at the listener, the RMS pressure over the clip, the spectral centroid of the sound between 0.2 and 1.2 s (a measure of brightness), and fitted 60 dB decay times of a low and a high band.

Drumstick: stick speed

A wooden stick tip (30 g effective mass) strikes the sheet at 70 percent of its width and 35 percent of its height. Speed sets both the loudness and the character: the contact force grows with speed, the contact shortens, and more energy reaches the high modes. The sound grows brighter as well as louder.

Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.

0.5 m/s
spectrogram
peak 0.435 Pa (87 dB SPL)
RMS 1.7 mPa
centroid 192 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 4.8 s, 2-8 kHz 8.6 s
contact force 28 N
wav peak 12.8 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator
1 m/s
spectrogram
peak 0.891 Pa (93 dB SPL)
RMS 3.6 mPa
centroid 259 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 4.8 s, 2-8 kHz 6.8 s
contact force 58 N
wav peak 19.0 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator
2 m/s
spectrogram
peak 1.676 Pa (98 dB SPL)
RMS 7.3 mPa
centroid 317 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 3.9 s, 2-8 kHz 5.1 s
contact force 124 N
wav peak 24.5 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator
3 m/s
spectrogram
peak 2.552 Pa (102 dB SPL)
RMS 10.9 mPa
centroid 655 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.6 s
contact force 195 N
wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator
4.5 m/s
spectrogram
peak 4.114 Pa (106 dB SPL)
RMS 17.2 mPa
centroid 678 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 4.4 s, 2-8 kHz 3.8 s
contact force 315 N
wav peak 32.3 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator
6 m/s
spectrogram
peak 5.721 Pa (109 dB SPL)
RMS 24.9 mPa
centroid 1654 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 3.9 s, 2-8 kHz 3.4 s
contact force 448 N
wav peak 35.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator

Drumstick: stick mass

The same speed with a lighter or heavier stick. A heavier stick carries more momentum, stays in contact longer, and pushes the sheet further, which favours the low modes; a light stick gives a short, bright tap.

Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.

10 g
spectrogram
peak 2.452 Pa (102 dB SPL)
RMS 9.7 mPa
centroid 654 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 4.3 s, 2-8 kHz 5.2 s
contact force 183 N
wav peak 27.8 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator
30 g
spectrogram
peak 2.552 Pa (102 dB SPL)
RMS 10.9 mPa
centroid 655 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.6 s
contact force 195 N
wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator
60 g
spectrogram
peak 2.578 Pa (102 dB SPL)
RMS 12.3 mPa
centroid 686 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 4.1 s, 2-8 kHz 3.8 s
contact force 205 N
wav peak 28.2 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator
120 g
spectrogram
peak 2.591 Pa (102 dB SPL)
RMS 17.0 mPa
centroid 1346 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 3.5 s, 2-8 kHz 3.2 s
contact force 232 N
wav peak 28.3 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator

Drumstick: tip hardness

The Hertz contact stiffness K stands for the hardness of the tip: a soft (rubber or felt) tip has a low K and a long, gentle contact that excites mainly the low modes; a hard tip (dense wood, or a metal beater) has a high K and a sharp click.

Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.

5000000 N/m^1.5
spectrogram
peak 0.380 Pa (86 dB SPL)
RMS 5.1 mPa
centroid 375 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 4.4 s, 2-8 kHz 4.7 s
contact force 113 N
wav peak 11.6 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator
50000000 N/m^1.5
spectrogram
peak 1.436 Pa (97 dB SPL)
RMS 7.9 mPa
centroid 677 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 4.0 s, 2-8 kHz 4.4 s
contact force 148 N
wav peak 23.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator
500000000 N/m^1.5
spectrogram
peak 2.552 Pa (102 dB SPL)
RMS 10.9 mPa
centroid 655 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.6 s
contact force 195 N
wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator
5000000000 N/m^1.5
spectrogram
peak 3.469 Pa (105 dB SPL)
RMS 15.5 mPa
centroid 563 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 3.8 s, 2-8 kHz 4.5 s
contact force 532 N
wav peak 30.8 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator

Drumstick: strike position

Where the sheet is struck decides which modes are excited: a strike at the center excites only modes that are symmetric about both axes, while a strike near an edge or a corner excites the twisting and edge modes as well.

Playback gain +20 dB relative to 1 Pa = 0 dBFS (the simulator's default is +20 dB); loud onsets are soft-clipped. Spectrograms: 0 to 5 kHz over the clip, 80 dB range, one color scale per section.

center
spectrogram
peak 4.090 Pa (106 dB SPL)
RMS 17.4 mPa
centroid 449 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 4.7 s, 2-8 kHz 3.9 s
contact force 195 N
wav peak 32.2 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator
off-center (default)
spectrogram
peak 2.552 Pa (102 dB SPL)
RMS 10.9 mPa
centroid 655 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.6 s
contact force 195 N
wav peak 28.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator
near the right edge
spectrogram
peak 2.026 Pa (100 dB SPL)
RMS 9.8 mPa
centroid 457 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 4.2 s, 2-8 kHz 4.5 s
contact force 190 N
wav peak 26.1 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator
near a corner
spectrogram
peak 2.641 Pa (102 dB SPL)
RMS 13.0 mPa
centroid 540 Hz
T60 100-500 Hz 4.7 s, 2-8 kHz 4.4 s
contact force 197 N
wav peak 28.4 dBFS (soft-clipped)
Open in simulator

Generated by steelsim gallery; parameters not listed take the simulator defaults.